Functions
Meninges-The meninges are the membranes that envelop the central nervous system. The meninges consist of three layers: the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. The primary function of the meninges and of the cerebrospinal fluid is to protect the central nervous system.
Dura Mater-encases the prain and is the first layer of the brain.
Gyrus-a ridge or fold between two clefts on the cerebral surface in the brain.
Sulcus-a groove or furrow, especially one on the surface of the brain.
Pons-Connects the cerebellum to the nervous system.
Medulla-Helps maintain blood pressure and heart rate normal.
Pituitary Gland-the pituitary is important in controlling growth and development and the functioning of the other endocrine glands.
Cerebellum-Coordinates movement and balance.
Olfactory Bulbs-The olfactory bulb is a neural structure of the vertebrate forebrain involved in olfaction or the sense of smell.
Longitudinal Fissure-is the deep groove that separates the two hemispheres of the vertebrate brain.
Optic Nerves-each of the second pair of cranial nerves, transmitting impulses to the brain from the retina at the back of the eye.
Optic Chiasm- is the part of the brain where the optic nerves partially cross. The optic chiasm is located at the bottom of the brain immediately below the hypothalamus.
Optic Tract-It is the path way between the Optic chiasm and the brain
Oculomotor Nerve-controls most of the eye's movements, including constriction of the pupil and maintaining an open eyelid by innervating the levator palpebrae superioris muscle.
Trigeminal Root- is a motor and sensory nerve responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing.
IV Ventricle-a cavity with a diamond-shaped floor in the hindbrain, communicating below with the central canal of the spinal cord and above with the cerebral aqueduct of the midbrain. At the bottom of the ventricle are surfaces of the pons and medulla.
Inferior Colliculus-is the principal midbrain nucleus of the auditory pathway and receives input from several peripheral brainstem nuclei in the auditory pathway, as well as inputs from the auditory cortex.
Superior Colliculus-The optic tectum or simply tectum is a paired structure that forms a major component of the vertebrate midbrain. The tectum is a layered structure, with a number of layers that vary by species.
Uncus-The part of the olfactory cortex that is on the temporal lobe covers the area of the uncus, may be responsible for hallucinations due to odor.
Mammillary Bodies- are a pair of small round bodies, located on the undersurface of the brain, that, as part of the diencephalon form part of the limbic system.
Hippocampal Gyrus-a convolution on the inner surface of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum, bordering the hippocampus.
Rhinal Fissure-The shallow sulcus that delimits the anterior part of the parahippocampal gyrus from the fusiform gyrus and marks the border between the neocortex and the areas medial to it.
Frontal Lobe-is a motor function responsible for cognition.
Ansate Sulcus-a cleft separating the frontal from the parietal lobes of the brain.
Pseudosylvian Sulcus-the deepest and most prominent of the cortical fissures; separates the frontal lobes and temporal lobes in both hemispheres.
Suprasylvian Sulcus-above the fissure of the sylvius or lateral sulcus.
Parietal Lobe-Regulates memory of objects and their uses.
Temporal Lobe-is responsible for auditory processing and language execution.
Lateral Sulcus- extending from the anterior perforated substance first laterally at the deep incisure between the frontal and temporal lobes.
Occipital Lobe-Processes visual information from the eyes .
Cingulate Gyrus-The cingulate cortex also known as limbic cortex is a part of the brain situated in the medial aspect of the cerebral cortex.
Lateral Ventricle-The lateral ventricles are part of the ventricular system of the brain. In both hemispheres of the brain, there is a pair of lateral ventricles in the telencephalon. The lateral ventricles are the largest of the ventricles.
Fornix-a triangular area of white matter in the mammalian brain between the hippocampus and the hypothalamus.
Septum Pellucidum-The septum pellucidum, and not to be confused with the medial septum, is a thin, triangular, vertical membrane separating the anterior horns of the left and right lateral ventricles of the brain.
Third Ventricle-The third ventricle is one of four connected fluid-filled cavities comprising the ventricular system within the human brain. It is a median cleft in the diencephalon between the two thalami, and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
Cerebral Acqueduct-a fluid-filled canal that runs through the midbrain connecting the third and fourth ventricles.
Tegmentum- is a general area within the brainstem. It is located between the ventricular system and distinctive basal or ventral structures at each level. It is a multisynaptic network of neurons that is involved in many unconscious homeostatic and reflexive pathways.
Corpus Callosum-Connects both hemispheres of the brain to exchange info between hemispheres.
Pineal Body-a pea-sized conical mass of tissue behind the third ventricle of the brain, secreting a hormonelike substance in some mammals.
Posterior Commissure-is a rounded band of white fibers crossing the middle line on the dorsal aspect of the upper end of the cerebral aqueduct. It is important in the bilateral pupillary light reflex.
Massa Intermedia-The medial surface of the thalamus constitutes the upper part of the lateral wall of the third ventricle, and is connected to the corresponding surface of the opposite thalamus by a flattened gray band, the Interthalamic adhesion
Anterior Commissure-The anterior commissure is a bundle of nerve fibers, connecting the two cerebral hemispheres across the midline, and placed in front of the columns of the fornix.
Hypothalamus- is a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions. One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland.
Cerebral Acquesduct-a fluid-filled canal that runs through the midbrain connecting the third and fourth ventricles.
Caudate Nucleus-The caudate nucleus is one of three basic structures that make up the basal ganglia. Along with the putamen and globus pallidus, the caudate nucleus constitutes a system that is responsible largely for voluntary movement.
Putamen-The putamen is a round structure located at the base of the forebrain (telencephalon). It is also one of the structures that comprises the basal ganglia. Through various pathways, the putamen is connected to the substantia nigra and globus pallidus.
Globus Pallidus-is a motor system sub-cortical structure of the brain and part of the telencephalon.
Hippocampus-the elongated ridges on the floor of each lateral ventricle of the brain, thought to be the center of emotion, memory, and the autonomic nervous system.
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus-is the primary relay center for visual information received from the retina of the eye.
Medial Geniculate Nucleus-is part of the auditory thalamus and represents the thalamic relay between the inferior colliculus and the auditory cortex.
Dura Mater-encases the prain and is the first layer of the brain.
Gyrus-a ridge or fold between two clefts on the cerebral surface in the brain.
Sulcus-a groove or furrow, especially one on the surface of the brain.
Pons-Connects the cerebellum to the nervous system.
Medulla-Helps maintain blood pressure and heart rate normal.
Pituitary Gland-the pituitary is important in controlling growth and development and the functioning of the other endocrine glands.
Cerebellum-Coordinates movement and balance.
Olfactory Bulbs-The olfactory bulb is a neural structure of the vertebrate forebrain involved in olfaction or the sense of smell.
Longitudinal Fissure-is the deep groove that separates the two hemispheres of the vertebrate brain.
Optic Nerves-each of the second pair of cranial nerves, transmitting impulses to the brain from the retina at the back of the eye.
Optic Chiasm- is the part of the brain where the optic nerves partially cross. The optic chiasm is located at the bottom of the brain immediately below the hypothalamus.
Optic Tract-It is the path way between the Optic chiasm and the brain
Oculomotor Nerve-controls most of the eye's movements, including constriction of the pupil and maintaining an open eyelid by innervating the levator palpebrae superioris muscle.
Trigeminal Root- is a motor and sensory nerve responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing.
IV Ventricle-a cavity with a diamond-shaped floor in the hindbrain, communicating below with the central canal of the spinal cord and above with the cerebral aqueduct of the midbrain. At the bottom of the ventricle are surfaces of the pons and medulla.
Inferior Colliculus-is the principal midbrain nucleus of the auditory pathway and receives input from several peripheral brainstem nuclei in the auditory pathway, as well as inputs from the auditory cortex.
Superior Colliculus-The optic tectum or simply tectum is a paired structure that forms a major component of the vertebrate midbrain. The tectum is a layered structure, with a number of layers that vary by species.
Uncus-The part of the olfactory cortex that is on the temporal lobe covers the area of the uncus, may be responsible for hallucinations due to odor.
Mammillary Bodies- are a pair of small round bodies, located on the undersurface of the brain, that, as part of the diencephalon form part of the limbic system.
Hippocampal Gyrus-a convolution on the inner surface of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum, bordering the hippocampus.
Rhinal Fissure-The shallow sulcus that delimits the anterior part of the parahippocampal gyrus from the fusiform gyrus and marks the border between the neocortex and the areas medial to it.
Frontal Lobe-is a motor function responsible for cognition.
Ansate Sulcus-a cleft separating the frontal from the parietal lobes of the brain.
Pseudosylvian Sulcus-the deepest and most prominent of the cortical fissures; separates the frontal lobes and temporal lobes in both hemispheres.
Suprasylvian Sulcus-above the fissure of the sylvius or lateral sulcus.
Parietal Lobe-Regulates memory of objects and their uses.
Temporal Lobe-is responsible for auditory processing and language execution.
Lateral Sulcus- extending from the anterior perforated substance first laterally at the deep incisure between the frontal and temporal lobes.
Occipital Lobe-Processes visual information from the eyes .
Cingulate Gyrus-The cingulate cortex also known as limbic cortex is a part of the brain situated in the medial aspect of the cerebral cortex.
Lateral Ventricle-The lateral ventricles are part of the ventricular system of the brain. In both hemispheres of the brain, there is a pair of lateral ventricles in the telencephalon. The lateral ventricles are the largest of the ventricles.
Fornix-a triangular area of white matter in the mammalian brain between the hippocampus and the hypothalamus.
Septum Pellucidum-The septum pellucidum, and not to be confused with the medial septum, is a thin, triangular, vertical membrane separating the anterior horns of the left and right lateral ventricles of the brain.
Third Ventricle-The third ventricle is one of four connected fluid-filled cavities comprising the ventricular system within the human brain. It is a median cleft in the diencephalon between the two thalami, and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
Cerebral Acqueduct-a fluid-filled canal that runs through the midbrain connecting the third and fourth ventricles.
Tegmentum- is a general area within the brainstem. It is located between the ventricular system and distinctive basal or ventral structures at each level. It is a multisynaptic network of neurons that is involved in many unconscious homeostatic and reflexive pathways.
Corpus Callosum-Connects both hemispheres of the brain to exchange info between hemispheres.
Pineal Body-a pea-sized conical mass of tissue behind the third ventricle of the brain, secreting a hormonelike substance in some mammals.
Posterior Commissure-is a rounded band of white fibers crossing the middle line on the dorsal aspect of the upper end of the cerebral aqueduct. It is important in the bilateral pupillary light reflex.
Massa Intermedia-The medial surface of the thalamus constitutes the upper part of the lateral wall of the third ventricle, and is connected to the corresponding surface of the opposite thalamus by a flattened gray band, the Interthalamic adhesion
Anterior Commissure-The anterior commissure is a bundle of nerve fibers, connecting the two cerebral hemispheres across the midline, and placed in front of the columns of the fornix.
Hypothalamus- is a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions. One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland.
Cerebral Acquesduct-a fluid-filled canal that runs through the midbrain connecting the third and fourth ventricles.
Caudate Nucleus-The caudate nucleus is one of three basic structures that make up the basal ganglia. Along with the putamen and globus pallidus, the caudate nucleus constitutes a system that is responsible largely for voluntary movement.
Putamen-The putamen is a round structure located at the base of the forebrain (telencephalon). It is also one of the structures that comprises the basal ganglia. Through various pathways, the putamen is connected to the substantia nigra and globus pallidus.
Globus Pallidus-is a motor system sub-cortical structure of the brain and part of the telencephalon.
Hippocampus-the elongated ridges on the floor of each lateral ventricle of the brain, thought to be the center of emotion, memory, and the autonomic nervous system.
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus-is the primary relay center for visual information received from the retina of the eye.
Medial Geniculate Nucleus-is part of the auditory thalamus and represents the thalamic relay between the inferior colliculus and the auditory cortex.
